Electrodynamic Planet Tether
REDELF-planettether-v0.png

RED (Radiant Energy Device) reciever
Resonant generating circuit
Reception of electrical energy without transmitter

Technologies

Plauson air node

The Plauson air node is a form of cathode and electrode enclosed in a vacuum chamber. Other modified form of air nodes are applicable. The method of connecting the incandescent cathode floating in the air mav be seen in an air balloon, a Cardan ring (connection with the hawser), the lifting balloon, a good conducting cable, a positive pole, negative incandescent cathode, and earth conductor.

In the simplest form of construction, electric oscillations are produced below on the ground by means of a carbon arc lamp or in other suitable way a considerably greater electric resistance is opposed to that in the direct way by inserting an electrical inductive resistance. Consequently between the positive plate and the negative plate, a voltage is formed, and as, over the negative plate and the positive plate only an inductionless ohmic resistance is present, a spark will spring over so long as the separate induction co-efficients and the like are correctly calculated. The consequence of this is that the oxide electrode (carbon or the like) is rendered incandescent and then shows as incandescent cathode an increased collecting effect. The positive poles must be substantially larger than the negative in order that they may not also become incandescent. As they are further connected with the large balloon area which has a large capacity and is charged at high voltage, an incandescent body which is held floating in the air and a positive pole which can collect large capacities is thereby obtained in the simplest way. The incandescent cathode is first caused to become incandescent by means of separate energy produced on the earth, and then maintained by the energy collected from the atmosphere.

Other modified form differences have instead of a round balloon a cigar shaped one (of metal or metalized fabric) may be employed and also a condenser is inserted between the incandescent cathode and the earth conductor so that a short circuited oscillation circuit over the positive plate and the negative plate, the capacitance and the inductance is obtained. This has the advantage that quite small quantities of electricity cause the cathode to become incandescent and much larger cathode bodies may be rendered incandescent.

In another form of construction both the incandescent cathode and also the positive electrode may be enclosed in a vacuum chamber. A (upper) cable is carried well insulated through the cover of a vessel and ends in a condenser disc (positive). The cover is arched in order to keep off the rain. The vessel is entirely or partially made of magnetic metal and well insulated inside and outside. Opposite the disc (positive), another disc (negative) and on this again a metallic positive pole of the vacuum tube (or diode semiconductor) with the incandescent cathode (oxide electrode) negative input is arranged. The negative electrode is on the one hand connected with the earth conductor, and on the other hand with the inductive, resistance coil which is also connected with the (upper) cable with the positive pole and wound round the vessel in coils. The action is exactly the same as before stated, only instead of an open incandescent cathode, one enclosed in vacuo is employed. As in such collectors only small bodies can be brought to incandescence in large installations a plurality of such vacuum tubes must be inserted in proximity to one another. According to the previous constructions, other modification are quite self evident and go without further explanations.

Tesla coil

Three coupled resonant circuit

Referring to the Tesla coil, the three coupled resonant circuits is an improved free terminal and circuit of large surface with supporting structure and generating apparatus. The terminal anode consists of a suitably shaped metallic frame, in this case a ring of nearly circular cross section, which is covered with multiple half spherical metal (shell) plates, thus constituting a very large conducting surface, smooth on all places where the electric charge principally accumulates. The frame is carried by a strong platform expressly provided for safety appliances, instruments of observation, etc., which in turn rests on insulating supports (for example, wooden beams). These should penetrate far into the hollow space formed by the terminal, and if the electric density at the points where they are bolted to the frame is still considerable, they may be specially protected by conducting hoods (at the top of the helical coil). A part of the improvements which form the Tesla coil specification, the circuit, in its general features, is identical with that described and claimed in patents No. 645,576, System of Transmission of Electrical Energy1 and No. 649,621, Apparatus for Transmission of Electrical Energy.2

The circuit comprises a coil (inner pancake) which is in close inductive relation with another coil (outer pancake), and one end of which is connected to a ground-plate, while its other end is led through a separate self-induction coil (helical) and a metallic cylinder (or cable of air node) to the terminal (or air node). The connection to the latter (the terminal) should always be made at, or near the center, in order to secure a symmetrical distribution of the current, as otherwise, when the frequency is very high and the flow of large volume, the performance of the apparatus might be impaired. The coil (outer pancake) may be connected to in any desired manner, to a suitable capacitance of currents, which may be an alternator or condenser, the important requirement being that the resonant condition is established, that is to say, that the terminal (air node) is induced to the maximum pressure developed in the circuit via radiant energy. It is advisable to begin the adjustments with feeble and somewhat slower induced oscillations, strengthening and quickening them gradually, until the apparatus has been brought under perfect control. To increase the safety, a convenient place, preferably on terminal (air node), one or more elements or plates either of somewhat smaller radius of curvature or protruding more or less beyond the others (in which case they maybe of larger radius of curvature) so that, should the pressure rise to a value, beyond'which it is not desired to go, the powerful discharge may dart out there and lose itself harmlessly in the air. Such a plate performs the function similar to that of a safety valve on a high pressure reservoir.

Still further extending the principles underlying the Tesla coil, special reference is made to coil (outer pancake) and conductor (the metallic cylinder or cable of air node). If the latter is in the form of a cylinder, it have a smooth or polished surface and a radius much larger than that of the half spherical elements (shell plates), and widens out at the bottom into a hood, which should be slotted to avoid loss by eddy currents and the purpose of which will be clear from the foregoing. The coil (helical) is wound on a frame or drum of insulating material, with its turns close together. It has been determined that when so wound the effect of the small radius of curvature of the wire itself is overcome and the coil behaves as a conductor of large radius of curvature, corresponding to that of the drum. This feature is of considerable practical importance and is applicable not only in this special instance, but generally. For example, such plates at the shell plates of terminal (air node), though preferably of large radius of curvature, need not be necessarily so, for provided only that the individual plates or elements of a high potential conductor or terminal are arranged in proximity to each other and with their outer boundaries along an ideal symmetrical enveloping surface of a large radius of curvature, the advantages of the Tesla coil will be more or less fully realized. The lower end of the coil (helical) — which, if desired, may be extended up to the terminal (air node) — should 95 be somewhat below the uppermost turn of coil (inner pancake). This lessens the tendency of the charge to break out from the wire connecting, both and to pass along the support (wooden).

Stubblefield ground

In the earth, the electrical Stubblefield ground is constructed showing it immersed with an electrolyte. The Stubblefield ground has windings of a voltaic couple or, in other words, the wires comprising the couple. The Stubblefield ground is used with the Tesla induction-coil.

The Stubblefield ground has a soft-iron corepiece extending longitudinally of the entire device and preferably in the form of a bolt having at one end a nut, which permits of the parts of the elements being readily assembled together and also quite as readily taken apart for the purposes of repair, as will be readily understood. The central longitudinally-arranged core-piece of the Stubblefield ground has removably fitted on the opposite ends thereof the oppositely-located end heads, confining therebetween the magnetic coil-body of the Stubblefield ground, said heads being of wood or equivalent material. The coil-body of the Stubblefield ground is compactly formed by closely-wound coils of a copper and iron wire, respectively, which wires form the electrodes of the voltaic couple, and while necessarily insulated from each other, so as to have no metallic contact, are preferably wound in interspesed (bifilar-wound).

In the preferred winding of the wires, the copper wire is incased in an insulating-covering, while the iron wire is a bare or naked wire, so as to be more exposed to the action of the electrolyte and at the same time to intensify the magnetic field that is created and maintained within and around the coil-body, when the Stubblefield ground is in operation and producing an electrical current. While the iron wire is preferably bare or naked for the reasons stated, this wire may also be insulated without destroying the operativeness of the Stubblefield ground, and in order to secure the best results the wires are wound side by side in each coil or layer of the windings, so that in each coil or layer of the windings there will be alternate convolutions of the copper and iron wires forming the voltaic couple, and it will of course be understood that there may be any number of separate coils or layers of the wires according to the required size and capacity of the Stubblefield ground. Each coil or layer of the windings is separated from the adjacent coils or layers by an interposed lajrer of cloth or equivalent insulating material, and a similar layer of insulating material also surrounds the longitudinal core-piece to insulate from thiscore piece the innermost coil or layer of the windings.

The terminals of the copper and iron wires are disconnected so as to preserve the character of the wires as the electrodes of the voltaic couple; but the other or remaining terminals of the wires are brought in contact through the interposition of any electrical instrument or device with which they may be connected to cause the electric currents generated in the coil-body to flow through such instrument or device.

In the use of the Stubblefield ground constructed as described the same may be immersed in a cell or jar, containing water as the electrolyte; but it is simply necessary to have the coil body moist to excite the necessary action for the production of a current in the couple, and it is also the contemplation of the invention to place the Stubblefield ground in moist earth, which alone is sufficient to provide the necessary electrolytic influence for producing an electric current. It has been found that by reason of winding the couple of copper and iron wires into a coil-body the current traversing the windings of this body will produce a magnetic field within and around the body of sufficiently strong inductive effect for practical utilization by means of a solenoid or secondary coil.

The solenoid or secondary coil is of an ordinary construction, comprising a wire closely wound into a coil of any desired size on an ordinary spool and incased within a protective covering of mica, celluloid, or equivalent material. The spool of the solenoid or secondary coil may be conveniently secured directly on the exterior of the coil body between the heads with a suitable layer or wrapping of insulating material, interposed between the spool and the body, and the terminals of the solenoid or secondary coil may be connected up with any instrument usually operated by secondary currents such, for instance, as a microphone-transmitter or telegraphic relay. The magnetic field produced by the current traversing the coil-body induces a secondary 65 current in the solenoid or secondary coil, when the ordinary make and break of the primary current produced within the coil is made between the terminals of said coil. It will therefore be seen that the construction of the Stubblefield ground is practically a self-generating induction-coil, and it can be used for every purpose that a coil of this character is used, for as long as the coilbody is wet or damp with moisture electric currents will be produced in the manner described. It will also be obvious that by reason of the magnetic inductive properties of the coil-body the core-piece will necessarily be magnetized while a current is going through the body, so that the Stubblefield ground may be used as a self-generating electromagnet, if so desired, it being observed that to secure this, result is simply required connecting the extended terminals of the wires together after wetting or dampening the coil-body.

Many other uses of the herein-described Stubblefield ground will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, and any changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages of the grounding device.

See also

External articles

Plauson's articles

  • U.S. Patent 1,540,998 - H. Plauson - "Conversion of atmospheric electric energy"
  • "Power from the Air". Science and Invention (Formerly Electrical Experimenter), Feb. 1922, no. 10. Vol IX, Whole No. 106. New York. (nuenergy.org)
  • "Power from the Air". Science and invention (Formerly electrical experimenter), March 1922. (nuenergy.org).

Tesla's articles

  • "Electrical Transformer Or Induction Device". U.S. Patent No. 433,702, August 5, 1890
  • "Means for Generating Electric Currents", U.S. Patent No. 514,168, February 6, 1894
  • "Electrical Transformer", Patent No. 593,138, November 2, 1897
  • "Method Of Utilizing Radiant Energy", Patent No. 685,958 November 5, 1901
  • "Method of Signaling", U.S. Patent No. 723,188, March 17, 1903
  • "System of Signaling", U.S. Patent No. 725,605, April 14, 1903
  • "Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy", January 18, 1902, U.S. Patent 1,119,732, December 1, 1914

Stubblefield's articles

Other articles

  • J. S. Stone, U.S. Patent 714,832, "Apparatus for amplifying electromagnetic signal-waves". (Filed January 23, 1901; Issued December 2, 1902)
  • A. Nickle, U.S. Patent 2,125,804, "Antenna". (Filed May 25, 1934; Issued August 2, 1938)
  • William W. Brown, U.S. Patent 2,059,186, "Antenna structure". (Filed May 25, 1934; Issued October 27, 1936).
  • Robert B. Dome, U.S. Patent 2,101,674, "Antenna". (Filed May 25, 1934; Issued December 7, 1937)
  • Armstrong, E. H., U.S. Patent 1,113,149, "Wireless receiving system". 1914.
  • Armstrong, E. H., U.S. Patent 1,342,885, "Method of receiving high frequency oscillation". 1922.
  • Armstrong, E. H., U.S. Patent 1,424,065, "Signalling system". 1922.
  • Gerhard Freiherr Du Prel, U.S. Patent 1,675,882, "High frequency circuit". (Filed August 11, 1925; Issued July 3, 1928)
  • Leydorf, G. F., U.S. Patent 3,278,937, "Antenna near field coupling system". 1966.
  • Van Voorhies, U.S. Patent 6,218,998, "Toroidal helical antenna"
  • Gene Koonce, U.S. Patent 6,933,819, "Multifrequency electro-magnetic field generator". (Filed October 29, 2004; Issued August 23, 2005)
  • A. Bain, "U.S. Patent 5,957 Copying surfaces by electricity".
  • A. Bain, "U.S. Patent 6,328 Improvements in electric telegraphs".
  • W. P. Piggot, "U.S. Patent 050,314 Telegraph cable".
  • W. D. Snow, "U.S. Patent 155,209 Earth-batteries for generating electricity".
  • J. Cerpaux, "U.S. Patent 182,802 Electric piles".
  • Daniel Drawbaugh, "U.S. Patent 211,322 Earth battery for electric clocks".
  • M. Emme, "U.S. Patent 495,582 Ground generator of electricity".
  • M. Emme, "U.S. Patent 728,381 Storage Battery".
  • Jahr, Emil, "U.S. Patent 690,151 Method of utilizing electrical earth currents".
  • Bryan, James C., "U.S. Patent 160,151 Improvements in lightning rods".
  • Bryan, James C., "U.S. Patent 160,152 Earth Battery". February 23, 1875.
  • Bryan, James C., "U.S. Patent 160,154 Improvements in lightning rods".
  • James M. Dices, "U.S. Patent 2,806,895 Immersion type battery".
  • Dieckmann, George F., "U.S. Patent 329,724 Electric Earth Battery". November 3, 1885.
  • William T. Clark, "U.S. Patent 4,153,757 Method and apparatus for generating electricity".
  • Ryeczek, "U.S. Patent 4,457,988 Earth battery". July 3, 1984.
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